![]() ![]() Examples of technology and application Part of a series onĪ carbon-neutral fuel can be synthesized by using the captured CO 2 from the atmosphere as the main hydrocarbon source. Thus, it is proposed to plant crops with C 4 photosynthesis, given its rapid growth and high carbon capture rate, and then to process the biomass for applications such as biochar that will be stored in the soil permanently. However, the CO 2 sequestered by the plants will be returned to the atmosphere when the plants die. The idea originates from the observation in the Keeling curve that the CO 2 level in the atmosphere undergoes annual variation of approximately 5 ppm ( parts per million), which is attributed to the seasonal change of vegetation and difference in land mass between the northern and southern hemisphere. Īnother possible source of capture in CCU process involves the use of plantation. The separation process itself can be performed through separation processes such as absorption, adsorption, or membranes. Hydrogen can cause hydrogen embrittlement, and water can cause corrosion in steel pipes. The captured CO 2 contains impurities and the CO 2 transported through pipelines will contain impurities, such as ammonia, N 2, H 2S, C 2+. A biofuel refinery produces a high purity (99%) of CO 2 with small amount of impurities such as water and ethanol. A typical coal power plant will have 10-12% CO 2 concentration in its flue gas exhaust stream. CO 2 captured from these exhaust stream itself varies in concentration. Instead, CCU aims to convert the captured carbon dioxide into more valuable substances or products such as plastics, concrete or efuel while retaining the carbon neutrality of the production processes.ĬCU and CCS are sometimes discussed collectively as carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS).ĬO 2 is typically captured from fixed point sources in heavy industry such as petrochemical plants. ĬCU differs from carbon capture and storage (CCS) in that CCU does not aim nor result in permanent geological storage of carbon dioxide. The pipelines are pressurized as the only option for transporting the CO 2 over long distances. ( September 2023)Ĭarbon capture and utilization (CCU) is defined as capturing CO 2 from industrial processes and transporting it via pipelines to where one intends to use it in industrial processes. The profitability of CCU depends partly on the carbon price of CO 2 being released into the atmosphere.Ĭarbon capture and utilization may offer a response to the global challenge of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions from major stationary (industrial) emitters. The availability of other raw materials to create a product should also be considered before investing in CCU.Ĭonsidering the different potential options for capture and utilization, research suggests that those involving chemicals, fuels and microalgae have limited potential for CO 2 removal, while those that involve construction materials and agricultural use can be more effective. As CO 2 is a thermodynamically stable form of carbon, manufacturing products from it is energy intensive. There are several additional considerations to be taken into account. If, in addition, this product substitutes one of fossil origin an overall CO 2 emission reduction occurs. Regarding a single product, CCU does not result in a net carbon positive to the atmosphere. ![]() Other commercial products include plastics, concrete and reactants for various chemical synthesis. Ĭaptured CO 2 can be converted to several products: one group being alcohols, such as methanol, to use as efuels and other alternative and renewable sources of energy. Comparison between sequestration and utilization of captured carbon dioxideĬarbon capture and utilization ( CCU) is the process of capturing carbon dioxide ( C O 2) from industrial processes and transporting it via pipelines to where one intends to use it in industrial processes. ![]()
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